360 lines
15 KiB
ReStructuredText
360 lines
15 KiB
ReStructuredText
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Asynchronous publisher example
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==============================
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The following example implements a publisher that will respond to RPC commands sent from RabbitMQ and uses delivery confirmations. It will reconnect if RabbitMQ closes the connection and will shutdown if RabbitMQ closes the channel. While it may look intimidating, each method is very short and represents a individual actions that a publisher can do.
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publisher.py::
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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import logging
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import pika
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import json
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LOG_FORMAT = ('%(levelname) -10s %(asctime)s %(name) -30s %(funcName) '
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'-35s %(lineno) -5d: %(message)s')
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LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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class ExamplePublisher(object):
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"""This is an example publisher that will handle unexpected interactions
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with RabbitMQ such as channel and connection closures.
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If RabbitMQ closes the connection, it will reopen it. You should
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look at the output, as there are limited reasons why the connection may
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be closed, which usually are tied to permission related issues or
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socket timeouts.
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It uses delivery confirmations and illustrates one way to keep track of
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messages that have been sent and if they've been confirmed by RabbitMQ.
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"""
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EXCHANGE = 'message'
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EXCHANGE_TYPE = 'topic'
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PUBLISH_INTERVAL = 1
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QUEUE = 'text'
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ROUTING_KEY = 'example.text'
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def __init__(self, amqp_url):
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"""Setup the example publisher object, passing in the URL we will use
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to connect to RabbitMQ.
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:param str amqp_url: The URL for connecting to RabbitMQ
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"""
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self._connection = None
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self._channel = None
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self._deliveries = None
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self._acked = None
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self._nacked = None
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self._message_number = None
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self._stopping = False
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self._url = amqp_url
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def connect(self):
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"""This method connects to RabbitMQ, returning the connection handle.
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When the connection is established, the on_connection_open method
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will be invoked by pika. If you want the reconnection to work, make
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sure you set stop_ioloop_on_close to False, which is not the default
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behavior of this adapter.
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:rtype: pika.SelectConnection
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Connecting to %s', self._url)
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return pika.SelectConnection(pika.URLParameters(self._url),
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on_open_callback=self.on_connection_open,
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on_close_callback=self.on_connection_closed,
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stop_ioloop_on_close=False)
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def on_connection_open(self, unused_connection):
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"""This method is called by pika once the connection to RabbitMQ has
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been established. It passes the handle to the connection object in
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case we need it, but in this case, we'll just mark it unused.
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:type unused_connection: pika.SelectConnection
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Connection opened')
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self.open_channel()
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def on_connection_closed(self, connection, reply_code, reply_text):
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"""This method is invoked by pika when the connection to RabbitMQ is
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closed unexpectedly. Since it is unexpected, we will reconnect to
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RabbitMQ if it disconnects.
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:param pika.connection.Connection connection: The closed connection obj
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:param int reply_code: The server provided reply_code if given
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:param str reply_text: The server provided reply_text if given
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"""
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self._channel = None
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if self._stopping:
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self._connection.ioloop.stop()
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else:
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LOGGER.warning('Connection closed, reopening in 5 seconds: (%s) %s',
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reply_code, reply_text)
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self._connection.add_timeout(5, self._connection.ioloop.stop)
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def open_channel(self):
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"""This method will open a new channel with RabbitMQ by issuing the
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Channel.Open RPC command. When RabbitMQ confirms the channel is open
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by sending the Channel.OpenOK RPC reply, the on_channel_open method
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will be invoked.
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Creating a new channel')
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self._connection.channel(on_open_callback=self.on_channel_open)
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def on_channel_open(self, channel):
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"""This method is invoked by pika when the channel has been opened.
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The channel object is passed in so we can make use of it.
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Since the channel is now open, we'll declare the exchange to use.
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:param pika.channel.Channel channel: The channel object
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Channel opened')
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self._channel = channel
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self.add_on_channel_close_callback()
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self.setup_exchange(self.EXCHANGE)
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def add_on_channel_close_callback(self):
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"""This method tells pika to call the on_channel_closed method if
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RabbitMQ unexpectedly closes the channel.
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Adding channel close callback')
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self._channel.add_on_close_callback(self.on_channel_closed)
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def on_channel_closed(self, channel, reply_code, reply_text):
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"""Invoked by pika when RabbitMQ unexpectedly closes the channel.
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Channels are usually closed if you attempt to do something that
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violates the protocol, such as re-declare an exchange or queue with
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different parameters. In this case, we'll close the connection
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to shutdown the object.
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:param pika.channel.Channel channel: The closed channel
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:param int reply_code: The numeric reason the channel was closed
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:param str reply_text: The text reason the channel was closed
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"""
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LOGGER.warning('Channel was closed: (%s) %s', reply_code, reply_text)
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self._channel = None
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if not self._stopping:
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self._connection.close()
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def setup_exchange(self, exchange_name):
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"""Setup the exchange on RabbitMQ by invoking the Exchange.Declare RPC
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command. When it is complete, the on_exchange_declareok method will
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be invoked by pika.
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:param str|unicode exchange_name: The name of the exchange to declare
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Declaring exchange %s', exchange_name)
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self._channel.exchange_declare(self.on_exchange_declareok,
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exchange_name,
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self.EXCHANGE_TYPE)
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def on_exchange_declareok(self, unused_frame):
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"""Invoked by pika when RabbitMQ has finished the Exchange.Declare RPC
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command.
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:param pika.Frame.Method unused_frame: Exchange.DeclareOk response frame
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Exchange declared')
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self.setup_queue(self.QUEUE)
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def setup_queue(self, queue_name):
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"""Setup the queue on RabbitMQ by invoking the Queue.Declare RPC
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command. When it is complete, the on_queue_declareok method will
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be invoked by pika.
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:param str|unicode queue_name: The name of the queue to declare.
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Declaring queue %s', queue_name)
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self._channel.queue_declare(self.on_queue_declareok, queue_name)
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def on_queue_declareok(self, method_frame):
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"""Method invoked by pika when the Queue.Declare RPC call made in
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setup_queue has completed. In this method we will bind the queue
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and exchange together with the routing key by issuing the Queue.Bind
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RPC command. When this command is complete, the on_bindok method will
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be invoked by pika.
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:param pika.frame.Method method_frame: The Queue.DeclareOk frame
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Binding %s to %s with %s',
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self.EXCHANGE, self.QUEUE, self.ROUTING_KEY)
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self._channel.queue_bind(self.on_bindok, self.QUEUE,
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self.EXCHANGE, self.ROUTING_KEY)
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def on_bindok(self, unused_frame):
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"""This method is invoked by pika when it receives the Queue.BindOk
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response from RabbitMQ. Since we know we're now setup and bound, it's
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time to start publishing."""
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LOGGER.info('Queue bound')
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self.start_publishing()
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def start_publishing(self):
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"""This method will enable delivery confirmations and schedule the
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first message to be sent to RabbitMQ
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Issuing consumer related RPC commands')
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self.enable_delivery_confirmations()
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self.schedule_next_message()
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def enable_delivery_confirmations(self):
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"""Send the Confirm.Select RPC method to RabbitMQ to enable delivery
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confirmations on the channel. The only way to turn this off is to close
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the channel and create a new one.
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When the message is confirmed from RabbitMQ, the
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on_delivery_confirmation method will be invoked passing in a Basic.Ack
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or Basic.Nack method from RabbitMQ that will indicate which messages it
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is confirming or rejecting.
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Issuing Confirm.Select RPC command')
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self._channel.confirm_delivery(self.on_delivery_confirmation)
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def on_delivery_confirmation(self, method_frame):
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"""Invoked by pika when RabbitMQ responds to a Basic.Publish RPC
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command, passing in either a Basic.Ack or Basic.Nack frame with
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the delivery tag of the message that was published. The delivery tag
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is an integer counter indicating the message number that was sent
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on the channel via Basic.Publish. Here we're just doing house keeping
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to keep track of stats and remove message numbers that we expect
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a delivery confirmation of from the list used to keep track of messages
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that are pending confirmation.
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:param pika.frame.Method method_frame: Basic.Ack or Basic.Nack frame
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"""
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confirmation_type = method_frame.method.NAME.split('.')[1].lower()
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LOGGER.info('Received %s for delivery tag: %i',
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confirmation_type,
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method_frame.method.delivery_tag)
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if confirmation_type == 'ack':
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self._acked += 1
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elif confirmation_type == 'nack':
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self._nacked += 1
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self._deliveries.remove(method_frame.method.delivery_tag)
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LOGGER.info('Published %i messages, %i have yet to be confirmed, '
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'%i were acked and %i were nacked',
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self._message_number, len(self._deliveries),
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self._acked, self._nacked)
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def schedule_next_message(self):
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"""If we are not closing our connection to RabbitMQ, schedule another
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message to be delivered in PUBLISH_INTERVAL seconds.
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Scheduling next message for %0.1f seconds',
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self.PUBLISH_INTERVAL)
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self._connection.add_timeout(self.PUBLISH_INTERVAL,
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self.publish_message)
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def publish_message(self):
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"""If the class is not stopping, publish a message to RabbitMQ,
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appending a list of deliveries with the message number that was sent.
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This list will be used to check for delivery confirmations in the
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on_delivery_confirmations method.
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Once the message has been sent, schedule another message to be sent.
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The main reason I put scheduling in was just so you can get a good idea
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of how the process is flowing by slowing down and speeding up the
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delivery intervals by changing the PUBLISH_INTERVAL constant in the
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class.
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"""
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if self._channel is None or not self._channel.is_open:
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return
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hdrs = {u'مفتاح': u' قيمة',
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u'键': u'值',
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u'キー': u'値'}
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properties = pika.BasicProperties(app_id='example-publisher',
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content_type='application/json',
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headers=hdrs)
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message = u'مفتاح قيمة 键 值 キー 値'
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self._channel.basic_publish(self.EXCHANGE, self.ROUTING_KEY,
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json.dumps(message, ensure_ascii=False),
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properties)
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self._message_number += 1
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self._deliveries.append(self._message_number)
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LOGGER.info('Published message # %i', self._message_number)
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self.schedule_next_message()
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def run(self):
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"""Run the example code by connecting and then starting the IOLoop.
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"""
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while not self._stopping:
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self._connection = None
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self._deliveries = []
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self._acked = 0
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self._nacked = 0
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self._message_number = 0
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try:
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self._connection = self.connect()
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self._connection.ioloop.start()
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except KeyboardInterrupt:
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self.stop()
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if (self._connection is not None and
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not self._connection.is_closed):
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# Finish closing
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self._connection.ioloop.start()
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LOGGER.info('Stopped')
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def stop(self):
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"""Stop the example by closing the channel and connection. We
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set a flag here so that we stop scheduling new messages to be
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published. The IOLoop is started because this method is
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invoked by the Try/Catch below when KeyboardInterrupt is caught.
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Starting the IOLoop again will allow the publisher to cleanly
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disconnect from RabbitMQ.
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"""
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LOGGER.info('Stopping')
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self._stopping = True
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self.close_channel()
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self.close_connection()
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def close_channel(self):
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"""Invoke this command to close the channel with RabbitMQ by sending
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the Channel.Close RPC command.
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"""
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if self._channel is not None:
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LOGGER.info('Closing the channel')
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self._channel.close()
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def close_connection(self):
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"""This method closes the connection to RabbitMQ."""
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if self._connection is not None:
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LOGGER.info('Closing connection')
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self._connection.close()
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def main():
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logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, format=LOG_FORMAT)
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# Connect to localhost:5672 as guest with the password guest and virtual host "/" (%2F)
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example = ExamplePublisher('amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/%2F?connection_attempts=3&heartbeat_interval=3600')
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example.run()
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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main()
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