Pika
====
Pika is a RabbitMQ (AMQP-0-9-1) client library for Python.
|Version| |Python versions| |Status| |Coverage| |License| |Docs|
Introduction
-------------
Pika is a pure-Python implementation of the AMQP 0-9-1 protocol including RabbitMQ's
extensions.
- Python 2.7 and 3.4+ are supported.
- Since threads aren't appropriate to every situation, it doesn't
require threads. It takes care not to forbid them, either. The same
goes for greenlets, callbacks, continuations and generators. It is
not necessarily thread-safe however, and your mileage will vary.
- People may be using direct sockets, plain old `select()`,
or any of the wide variety of ways of getting network events to and from a
python application. Pika tries to stay compatible with all of these, and to
make adapting it to a new environment as simple as possible.
Documentation
-------------
Pika's documentation can be found at `https://pika.readthedocs.io <https://pika.readthedocs.io>`_
Example
-------
Here is the most simple example of use, sending a message with the BlockingConnection adapter:
.. code :: python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection()
channel = connection.channel()
channel.basic_publish(exchange='example',
routing_key='test',
body='Test Message')
connection.close()
And an example of writing a blocking consumer:
.. code :: python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection()
channel = connection.channel()
for method_frame, properties, body in channel.consume('test'):
# Display the message parts and ack the message
print(method_frame, properties, body)
channel.basic_ack(method_frame.delivery_tag)
# Escape out of the loop after 10 messages
if method_frame.delivery_tag == 10:
break
# Cancel the consumer and return any pending messages
requeued_messages = channel.cancel()
print('Requeued %i messages' % requeued_messages)
connection.close()
Pika provides the following adapters
------------------------------------
- AsyncioConnection - adapter for the Python3 AsyncIO event loop
- BlockingConnection - enables blocking, synchronous operation on top of library for simple uses
- SelectConnection - fast asynchronous adapter
- TornadoConnection - adapter for use with the Tornado IO Loop http://tornadoweb.org
- TwistedConnection - adapter for use with the Twisted asynchronous package http://twistedmatrix.com/
Requesting message ACKs from another thread
-------------------------------------------
The single-threaded usage constraint of an individual Pika connection adapter
instance may result in a dropped AMQP/stream connection due to AMQP heartbeat
timeout in consumers that take a long time to process an incoming message. A
common solution is to delegate processing of the incoming messages to another
thread, while the connection adapter's thread continues to service its ioloop's
message pump, permitting AMQP heartbeats and other I/O to be serviced in a
timely fashion.
Messages processed in another thread may not be ACK'ed directly from that thread,
since all accesses to the connection adapter instance must be from a single
thread - the thread that is running the adapter's ioloop. However, this may be
accomplished by requesting a callback to be executed in the adapter's ioloop
thread. For example, the callback function's implementation might look like this:
.. code :: python
def ack_message(channel, delivery_tag):
"""Note that `channel` must be the same pika channel instance via which
the message being ACKed was retrieved (AMQP protocol constraint).
"""
if channel.is_open:
channel.basic_ack(delivery_tag)
else:
# Channel is already closed, so we can't ACK this message;
# log and/or do something that makes sense for your app in this case.
pass
The code running in the other thread may request the `ack_message()` function
to be executed in the connection adapter's ioloop thread using an
adapter-specific mechanism:
- :py:class:`pika.BlockingConnection` abstracts its ioloop from the application
and thus exposes :py:meth:`pika.BlockingConnection.add_callback_threadsafe()`.
Refer to this method's docstring for additional information. For example:
.. code :: python
connection.add_callback_threadsafe(functools.partial(ack_message, channel, delivery_tag))
- When using a non-blocking connection adapter, such as
:py:class:`pika.adapters.asyncio_connection.AsyncioConnection` or
:py:class:`pika.SelectConnection`, you use the underlying asynchronous
framework's native API for requesting an ioloop-bound callback from
another thread. For example, `SelectConnection`'s `IOLoop` provides
`add_callback_threadsafe()`, `Tornado`'s `IOLoop` has
`add_callback()`, while `asyncio`'s event loop exposes
`call_soon_threadsafe()`.
This threadsafe callback request mechanism may also be used to delegate
publishing of messages, etc., from a background thread to the connection adapter's
thread.
Contributing
------------
To contribute to pika, please make sure that any new features or changes
to existing functionality **include test coverage**.
*Pull requests that add or change code without coverage will most likely be rejected.*
Additionally, please format your code using `yapf <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/yapf>`_
with ``google`` style prior to issuing your pull request. *Note: only format those
lines that you have changed in your pull request. If you format an entire file and
change code outside of the scope of your PR, it will likely be rejected.*
.. |Version| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/pika.svg?
:target: http://badge.fury.io/py/pika
.. |Python versions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/pika.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pika
.. |Status| image:: https://img.shields.io/travis/pika/pika.svg?
:target: https://travis-ci.org/pika/pika
.. |Coverage| image:: https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/pika/pika.svg?
:target: https://codecov.io/github/pika/pika?branch=master
.. |License| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/pika.svg?
:target: https://pika.readthedocs.io
.. |Docs| image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pika/badge/?version=stable
:target: https://pika.readthedocs.io
:alt: Documentation Status
Yinyin Liu
783634d1b6