Innovenergy_trunk/csharp/App/S3Explorer/SnakeGameSS.cs

namespace S3Explorer;

public static class SnakeGameSs
{
    public static async Task PlaySnake()
    {
        var tickRate = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(100);
        var snakeGame = new SnakeGame();

        using (var cts = new CancellationTokenSource())
        {
            async Task MonitorKeyPresses()
            {
                while (!cts.Token.IsCancellationRequested)
                {
                    if (Console.KeyAvailable)
                    {
                        var key = Console.ReadKey(intercept: true).Key;
                        snakeGame.OnKeyPress(key);
                    }

                    await Task.Delay(10);
                }
            }

            var monitorKeyPresses = MonitorKeyPresses();

            do
            {
                snakeGame.OnGameTick();
                snakeGame.Render();
                await Task.Delay(tickRate);
            } while (!snakeGame.GameOver);

            // Allow time for user to weep before application exits.
            for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++)
            {
                Console.Clear();
                await Task.Delay(500);
                snakeGame.Render();
                await Task.Delay(500);
            }

            cts.Cancel();
            await monitorKeyPresses;
        }
    }

    enum Direction
    {
        Up,
        Down,
        Left,
        Right
    }

    interface IRenderable
    {
        void Render();
    }

    readonly struct Position
    {
        public Position(int top, int left)
        {
            Top = top;
            Left = left;
        }

        public int Top { get; }
        public int Left { get; }

        public Position RightBy(int n) => new Position(Top, Left + n);
        public Position DownBy(int n) => new Position(Top + n, Left);
    }

    class Apple : IRenderable
    {
        public Apple(Position position)
        {
            Position = position;
        }

        public Position Position { get; }

        public void Render()
        {
            Console.SetCursorPosition(Position.Left, Position.Top);
            Console.Write("🍏");
        }
    }

    class Snake : IRenderable
    {
        private List<Position> _body;
        private int _growthSpurtsRemaining;

        public Snake(Position spawnLocation, int initialSize = 1)
        {
            _body = new List<Position> { spawnLocation };
            _growthSpurtsRemaining = Math.Max(0, initialSize - 1);
            Dead = false;
        }

        public bool Dead { get; private set; }
        public Position Head => _body.First();
        private IEnumerable<Position> Body => _body.Skip(1);

        public void Move(Direction direction)
        {
            if (Dead) throw new InvalidOperationException();

            Position newHead;

            switch (direction)
            {
                case Direction.Up:
                    newHead = Head.DownBy(-1);
                    break;

                case Direction.Left:
                    newHead = Head.RightBy(-1);
                    break;

                case Direction.Down:
                    newHead = Head.DownBy(1);
                    break;

                case Direction.Right:
                    newHead = Head.RightBy(1);
                    break;

                default:
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
            }

            if (_body.Contains(newHead) || !PositionIsValid(newHead))
            {
                Dead = true;
                return;
            }

            _body.Insert(0, newHead);

            if (_growthSpurtsRemaining > 0)
            {
                _growthSpurtsRemaining--;
            }
            else
            {
                _body.RemoveAt(_body.Count - 1);
            }
        }

        public void Grow()
        {
            if (Dead) throw new InvalidOperationException();

            _growthSpurtsRemaining++;
        }

        public void Render()
        {
            Console.SetCursorPosition(Head.Left, Head.Top);
            Console.Write("◉");

            foreach (var position in Body)
            {
                Console.SetCursorPosition(position.Left, position.Top);
                Console.Write("■");
            }
        }

        private static bool PositionIsValid(Position position) =>
            position.Top >= 0 && position.Left >= 0;
    }

    class SnakeGame : IRenderable
    {
        private static readonly Position Origin = new Position(0, 0);

        private Direction _currentDirection;
        private Direction _nextDirection;
        private Snake _snake;
        private Apple _apple;

        public SnakeGame()
        {
            _snake = new Snake(Origin, initialSize: 5);
            _apple = CreateApple();
            _currentDirection = Direction.Right;
            _nextDirection = Direction.Right;
        }

        public bool GameOver => _snake.Dead;

        public void OnKeyPress(ConsoleKey key)
        {
            Direction newDirection;

            switch (key)
            {
                case ConsoleKey.W:
                    newDirection = Direction.Up;
                    break;

                case ConsoleKey.A:
                    newDirection = Direction.Left;
                    break;

                case ConsoleKey.S:
                    newDirection = Direction.Down;
                    break;

                case ConsoleKey.D:
                    newDirection = Direction.Right;
                    break;

                default:
                    return;
            }

            // Snake cannot turn 180 degrees.
            if (newDirection == OppositeDirectionTo(_currentDirection))
            {
                return;
            }

            _nextDirection = newDirection;
        }

        public void OnGameTick()
        {
            if (GameOver) throw new InvalidOperationException();

            _currentDirection = _nextDirection;
            _snake.Move(_currentDirection);

            // If the snake's head moves to the same position as an apple, the snake
            // eats it.
            if (_snake.Head.Equals(_apple.Position))
            {
                _snake.Grow();
                _apple = CreateApple();
            }
        }

        public void Render()
        {
            Console.Clear();
            _snake.Render();
            _apple.Render();
            Console.SetCursorPosition(0, 0);
        }

        private static Direction OppositeDirectionTo(Direction direction)
        {
            switch (direction)
            {
                case Direction.Up: return Direction.Down;
                case Direction.Left: return Direction.Right;
                case Direction.Right: return Direction.Left;
                case Direction.Down: return Direction.Up;
                default: throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
            }
        }

        private static Apple CreateApple()
        {
            // Can be factored elsewhere.
            const int numberOfRows = 20;
            const int numberOfColumns = 20;

            var random = new Random();
            var top = random.Next(0, numberOfRows + 1);
            var left = random.Next(0, numberOfColumns + 1);
            var position = new Position(top, left);
            var apple = new Apple(position);

            return apple;
        }
    }
}